Biographie
Né à New York en 1843, mort à Londres en 1916, Henry James qui prit la nationalité anglaise un an avant sa mort, est l'écrivain qui a dépeint le plus finement la distance, qui n'a cessé depuis de s'élargir, entre l'esprit européen et la sensibilité américaine. C'est à Londres où il s'établit à partir de 1876 qu'il écrit ses plus grands chefs-d'oeuvre. Une série d'études sur la femme américaine dans un milieu européen fut inaugurée par Daisy Miller (1878). Le thème opposant innocence américaine et sophistication européenne se retrouve dans Les Européens (1878), Washington Square (1880), Les Bostoniennes (1885) et « Reverberator » (1888) et atteint sa conclusion avec Les Ambassadeurs (1903) où la civilisation est définie comme « la tradition ininterrompue de culture que l'Europe occidentale hérita du monde antique ».
La Différence a publié en poche dans « Minos » : « Reverberator », Une vie à Londres, L'Autre Maison, Heures italiennes, Esquisses parisiennes, Le Sens du passé et La Scène américaine.
Détail
The Portrait of a Lady is widely held to be the outstanding work of Henry James's early period, and among the finest novels of his entire career.
When the eccentric Mrs. Touchett takes up her charming American niece, Isabel Archer, and returns with her to England, her husband and son, the invalid Ralph, are first mystified, then bemused. Soon, however, they are smitten, as also is their aristocratic neighbor, Lord Warburton. It is not long until a proposal of marriage comes from the English lord, but Isabel is not so quickly conquered. Besides, she has left a rejected suitor back in Boston, an archetypal American industrial magnate, Caspar Goodwood.
Through a surprising bequest in Mr. Touchett's will, Isabel becomes a wealthy heiress. As she travels with her aunt through Europe, Isabel encounters several remarkable figures in the American émigré communities in which Mrs. Touchett has her social circles. She also is led towards a third suitor in Florence, and this encounter proves decisive.
The novel took shape as James travelled on the Continent, after having lived in London for some years. That sense of place and displacement suffuses the book, but it remains the backdrop to the main business of the story: the unfolding of relationships around the figure of Isabel Archer. James explains in an illuminating preface how his heroine and her attendant characters took hold of him. His artistic vision was to display Isabel's character in action, embedded in this web of relations.
The Portrait of a Lady is one of the supreme examples of James's capacity to display how moral imagination and concrete action emerge in character. But along with this, the novel explores the perception and persistence of love, dissects the psychological gradations between magnanimity and malice, and contrasts the energy and ambition of the new world with the allure and ennui of the old.
This Standard Ebooks edition follows the New York edition, which incorporates the revisions James made to his text in 1908, almost thirty years after he first wrote it.
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